本文是Android性能优化工具系列的第一篇,这个系列主要介绍Android性能优化过程中会使用到的一些工具,以及如何用这些工具来发现问题和解决问题。在性能优化方面,Android有不少性能工具供大家来使用,按照我们一贯地 “发现问题-解决问题”的思路来看,发现问题才是最主要的,一上来就想着如何去解决问题,反而会事倍功半。
这一篇先来简单介绍一下Systrace这个工具。
0.Systrace简单介绍
Systrace是Android4.1中新增的性能数据采样和分析工具。它可帮助开发者收集Android关键子系统(如surfaceflinger、WindowManagerService等Framework部分关键模块、服务,View系统等)的运行信息,从而帮助开发者更直观的分析系统瓶颈,改进性能。Systrace的功能包括跟踪系统的I/O操作、内核工作队列、CPU负载以及Android各个子系统的运行状况等。在Android平台中,它主要由3部分组成:
- 内核部分:Systrace利用了Linux Kernel中的ftrace功能。所以,如果要使用Systrace的话,必须开启kernel中和ftrace相关的模块。
- 数据采集部分:Android定义了一个Trace类。应用程序可利用该类把统计信息输出给ftrace。同时,Android还有一个atrace程序,它可以从ftrace中读取统计信息然后交给数据分析工具来处理。
- 数据分析工具:Android提供一个systrace.py(python脚本文件,位于Android SDK目录/tools/systrace中,其内部将调用atrace程序)用来配置数据采集的方式(如采集数据的标签、输出文件名等)和收集ftrace统计数据并生成一个结果网页文件供用户查看。 从本质上说,Systrace是对Linux Kernel中ftrace的封装。应用进程需要利用Android提供的Trace类来使用Systrace.
1.Systrace简单使用
使用Systrace前,要先了解一下Systrace在各个平台上的使用方法,鉴于大家使用Eclipse和Android Studio的居多,所以直接摘抄官网关于这个的使用方法,不过不管是什么工具,流程是一样的:- 手机准备好你要进行抓取的界面
- 点击开始抓取(命令行的话就是开始执行命令)
- 手机上开始操作
- 设定好的时间到了之后,会将生成Trace文件,使用Chrome将这个文件打开进行分析
Using Eclipse
- In Eclipse, open an Android application project.
- Switch to the DDMS perspective, by selecting Window > Perspectives > DDMS.
- In the Devices tab, select the device on which to run a trace. If no devices are listed, make sure your device is connected via USB cable and that debugging is enabled on the device.
- Click the Systrace icon at the top of the Devices panel to configure tracing.
- Set the tracing options and click OK to start the trace.
Using Android Studio
- In Android Studio, open an Android application project.
- Open the Device Monitor by selecting Tools > Android > Monitor.
- In the Devices tab, select the device on which to run a trace. If no devices are listed, make sure your device is connected via USB cable and that debugging is enabled on the device.
- Click the Systrace icon at the top of the Devices panel to configure tracing.
- Set the tracing options and click OK to start the trace.
Using Device Monitor
- Navigate to your SDK tools/ directory.
- Run the monitor program.
- In the Devices tab, select the device on which to run a trace. If no devices are listed, make sure your device is connected via USB cable and that debugging is enabled on the device.
- Click the Systrace icon at the top of the Devices panel to configure tracing.
- Set the tracing options and click OK to start the trace.
Command Line Usage
命令行形式比较灵活,速度也比较快,一次性配置好之后,以后再使用的时候就会很快就出结果(强烈推荐) 1 2 | $ cd android-sdk/platform-tools/systrace $ python systrace.py --time=10 -o mynewtrace.html sched gfx view wm |
抓取结束后,会生成对应的Trace文件,注意这个文件只能被Chrome打开。关于如何分析Trace文件,我们下面的章节会讲。不论使用那种工具,在抓取之前都会让选择参数,下面说一下这些参数的意思:
- -h, –help Show the help message.(帮助)
- -o Write the HTML trace report to the specified file.(即输出文件名,)
- -t N, –time=N Trace activity for N seconds. The default value is 5 seconds. (Trace抓取的时间,一般是 : -t 8)
- -b N, –buf-size=N Use a trace buffer size of N kilobytes. This option lets you limit the total size of the data collected during a trace.
- -k
- —ktrace= Trace the activity of specific kernel functions, specified in a comma-separated list.
- -l, –list-categories List the available tracing category tags. The available tags are(下面的参数不用翻译了估计大家也看得懂,贴官方的解释也会比较权威,后面分析的时候我们会看到这些参数的作业的):
- gfx – Graphics
- input – Input
- view – View
- webview – WebView
- wm – Window Manager
- am – Activity Manager
- audio – Audio
- video – Video
- camera – Camera
- hal – Hardware Modules
- res – Resource Loading
- dalvik – Dalvik VM
- rs – RenderScript
- sched – CPU Scheduling
- freq – CPU Frequency
- membus – Memory Bus Utilization
- idle – CPU Idle
- disk – Disk input and output
- load – CPU Load
- sync – Synchronization Manager
- workq – Kernel Workqueues Note: Some trace categories are not supported on all devices. Tip: If you want to see the names of tasks in the trace output, you must include the sched category in your command parameters.
- -a
- —app= Enable tracing for applications, specified as a comma-separated list of package names. The apps must contain tracing instrumentation calls from the Trace class. For more information, see Analyzing Display and Performance.
- —link-assets Link to the original CSS or JavaScript resources instead of embedding them in the HTML trace report.
- —from-file= Create the interactive Systrace report from a file, instead of running a live trace.
- —asset-dir= Specify a directory for the trace report assets. This option is useful for maintaining a single set of assets for multiple Systrace reports.
- -e
- —serial= Conduct the trace on a specific connected device, identified by its device serial number.
我们一般会把这个命令配置成Alias,配置如下:
1 2 | alias st-start='python /home/gaojianwu/Software/android-studio/sdk/platform-tools/systrace/systrace.py' alias st-start-gfx-mx4 = ‘st-start -t 8 gfx input view sched freq wm am hwui workq res dalvik sync disk load perf hal rs idle mmc’ |
收藏的用户(0) X
正在加载信息~
推荐阅读
android手势GestureDetector和OnGestureListener深入解析
最新回复 (0)
站点信息
- 文章2299
- 用户1336
- 访客10619057
每日一句
You leave, or I go with you.
你留下,或者我跟你走。——《海角七号》
你留下,或者我跟你走。——《海角七号》
新会员