用Java写一个简单的网络爬虫程序

Home / Android MrLee 2015-3-9 3530

一直以来都希望自己做一个站内的搜索引擎,其实不一定是一个搜索引擎,关键是能分析网站数据的东西,java有很多开源的爬虫实现,但是开始还是从一个简单的里面了解其原理吧。
总共有6个类,先介绍下每个类的功能:
DownloadPage.java的功能是下载此超链接的页面源代码.
FunctionUtils.java 的功能是提供不同的静态方法,包括:页面链接正则表达式匹配,获取URL链接的元素,判断是否创建文件,获取页面的Url并将其转换为规范的Url,截取网页网页源文件的目标内容。
HrefOfPage.java 的功能是获取页面源代码的超链接。
UrlDataHanding.java 的功能是整合各个给类,实现url到获取数据到数据处理类。
UrlQueue.java 的未访问Url队列。
VisitedUrlQueue.java 已访问过的URL队列。

1.DownloadPage.java 此类要用到HttpClient组件。
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
import java.io.IOException;  
import org.apache.http.HttpEntity;  
import org.apache.http.HttpResponse;  
import org.apache.http.client.ClientProtocolException;  
import org.apache.http.client.HttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.client.methods.HttpGet;  
import org.apache.http.impl.client.DefaultHttpClient;  
import org.apache.http.util.EntityUtils;  
     
public class DownloadPage  
{  
     
     /**  
      * 根据URL抓取网页内容  
      *   
      * @param url  
      * @return  
      */
     public static String getContentFormUrl(String url)  
     {  
         /* 实例化一个HttpClient客户端 */
         HttpClient client = new DefaultHttpClient();  
         HttpGet getHttp = new HttpGet(url);  
     
         String content = null;  
     
         HttpResponse response;  
         try
         {  
             /*获得信息载体*/
             response = client.execute(getHttp);  
             HttpEntity entity = response.getEntity();  
     
             VisitedUrlQueue.addElem(url);  
     
             if (entity != null)  
             {  
                 /* 转化为文本信息 */
                 content = EntityUtils.toString(entity);  
     
                 /* 判断是否符合下载网页源代码到本地的条件 */
                 if (FunctionUtils.isCreateFile(url)  
                         && FunctionUtils.isHasGoalContent(content) != -1)  
                 {  
                     FunctionUtils.createFile(FunctionUtils  
                             .getGoalContent(content), url);  
                 }  
             }  
     
         } catch (ClientProtocolException e)  
         {  
             e.printStackTrace();  
         } catch (IOException e)  
         {  
             e.printStackTrace();  
         } finally  
         {  
             client.getConnectionManager().shutdown();  
         }  
              
         return content;  
     }  
     
}
2.FunctionUtils.java 此类的方法均为static方法
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
import java.io.BufferedWriter;  
import java.io.File;  
import java.io.FileOutputStream;  
import java.io.IOException;  
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;  
import java.util.regex.Matcher;  
import java.util.regex.Pattern;  
     
public class FunctionUtils  
{  
     
    /**  
     * 匹配超链接的正则表达式  
     */
    private static String pat = "http://www\\.oschina\\.net/code/explore/.*/\\w+\\.[a-zA-Z]+";  
    private static Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile(pat);  
     
    private static BufferedWriter writer = null;  
     
    /**  
     * 爬虫搜索深度  
     */
    public static int depth = 0;  
     
    /**  
     * 以"/"来分割URL,获得超链接的元素  
     *   
     * @param url  
     * @return  
     */
    public static String[] divUrl(String url)  
    {  
        return url.split("/");  
    }  
     
    /**  
     * 判断是否创建文件  
     *   
     * @param url  
     * @return  
     */
    public static boolean isCreateFile(String url)  
    {  
        Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(url);  
     
        return matcher.matches();  
    }  
     
    /**  
     * 创建对应文件  
     *   
     * @param content  
     * @param urlPath  
     */
    public static void createFile(String content, String urlPath)  
    {  
        /* 分割url */
        String[] elems = divUrl(urlPath);  
        StringBuffer path = new StringBuffer();  
     
        File file = null;  
        for (int i = 1; i < elems.length; i++)  
        {  
            if (i != elems.length - 1)  
            {  
     
                path.append(elems[i]);  
                path.append(File.separator);  
                file = new File("D:" + File.separator + path.toString());  
     
            }  
     
            if (i == elems.length - 1)  
            {  
                Pattern pattern = Pattern.compile("\\w+\\.[a-zA-Z]+");  
                Matcher matcher = pattern.matcher(elems[i]);  
                if ((matcher.matches()))  
                {  
                    if (!file.exists())  
                    {  
                        file.mkdirs();  
                    }  
                    String[] fileName = elems[i].split("\\.");  
                    file = new File("D:" + File.separator + path.toString()  
                            + File.separator + fileName[0] + ".txt");  
                    try
                    {  
                        file.createNewFile();  
                        writer = new BufferedWriter(new OutputStreamWriter(  
                                new FileOutputStream(file)));  
                        writer.write(content);  
                        writer.flush();  
                        writer.close();  
                        System.out.println("创建文件成功");  
                    } catch (IOException e)  
                    {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
     
                }  
            }  
     
        }  
    }  
     
    /**  
     * 获取页面的超链接并将其转换为正式的A标签  
     *   
     * @param href  
     * @return  
     */
    public static String getHrefOfInOut(String href)  
    {  
        /* 内外部链接最终转化为完整的链接格式 */
        String resultHref = null;  
     
        /* 判断是否为外部链接 */
        if (href.startsWith("http://"))  
        {  
            resultHref = href;  
        } else
        {  
            /* 如果是内部链接,则补充完整的链接地址,其他的格式忽略不处理,如:a href="#" */
            if (href.startsWith("/"))  
            {  
                resultHref = "http://www.oschina.net" + href;  
            }  
        }  
     
        return resultHref;  
    }  
     
    /**  
     * 截取网页网页源文件的目标内容  
     *   
     * @param content  
     * @return  
     */
    public static String getGoalContent(String content)  
    {  
        int sign = content.indexOf("
");  
        int end = signContent.indexOf("[/cpp]");  
     
        return signContent.substring(start + 1, end);  
    }  
     
    /**  
     * 检查网页源文件中是否有目标文件  
     *   
     * @param content  
     * @return  
     */
    public static int isHasGoalContent(String content)  
    {  
        return content.indexOf("
 3.HrefOfPage.java 此类为获取页面的超链接 
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
public class HrefOfPage  
{  
    /**  
     * 获得页面源代码中超链接  
     */
    public static void getHrefOfContent(String content)  
    {  
        System.out.println("开始");  
        String[] contents = content.split(" 4.UrlDataHanding.java 此类主要是从未访问队列中获取url,下载页面,分析url,保存已访问url等操作,实现Runnable接口 
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
public class UrlDataHanding implements Runnable  
{  
    /**  
     * 下载对应页面并分析出页面对应的URL放在未访问队列中。  
     * @param url  
     */
    public void dataHanding(String url)  
    {  
            HrefOfPage.getHrefOfContent(DownloadPage.getContentFormUrl(url));  
    }  
             
    public void run()  
    {  
        while(!UrlQueue.isEmpty())  
        {  
           dataHanding(UrlQueue.outElem());  
        }  
    }  
}
5.UrlQueue.java 此类主要是用来存放未访问的URL队列
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
import java.util.LinkedList;  
     
public class UrlQueue  
{  
    /**超链接队列*/
    public static LinkedList urlQueue = new LinkedList();  
         
    /**队列中对应最多的超链接数量*/
    public static final int MAX_SIZE = 10000;  
         
    public synchronized static void addElem(String url)  
    {  
        urlQueue.add(url);  
    }  
         
    public synchronized static String outElem()  
    {  
        return urlQueue.removeFirst();  
    }  
         
    public synchronized static boolean isEmpty()  
    {  
        return urlQueue.isEmpty();  
    }  
         
    public  static int size()  
    {  
        return urlQueue.size();  
    }  
         
    public  static boolean isContains(String url)  
    {  
        return urlQueue.contains(url);  
    }  
     
}
6.VisitedUrlQueue.java 主要是保存已访问过的URL,使用HashSet来保存,主要是考虑到每个访问过的URL是不同。HashSet刚好符合这个要求
package com.sreach.spider;  
     
import java.util.HashSet;  
     
/**  
* 已访问url队列  
* @author HHZ  
*  
*/
public class VisitedUrlQueue  
{  
    public static HashSet visitedUrlQueue = new HashSet();  
     
    public synchronized static void addElem(String url)  
    {  
        visitedUrlQueue.add(url);  
    }  
     
    public synchronized static boolean isContains(String url)  
    {  
        return visitedUrlQueue.contains(url);  
    }  
     
    public synchronized static int size()  
    {  
        return visitedUrlQueue.size();  
    }  
}
7.Test.java 此类为测试类
import java.sql.SQLException;  
     
import com.sreach.spider.UrlDataHanding;  
import com.sreach.spider.UrlQueue;  
     
public class Test  
{  
  public static void main(String[] args) throws SQLException  
  {  
      String url = "http://www.oschina.net/code/explore/achartengine/client/AndroidManifest.xml";  
      String url1 = "http://www.oschina.net/code/explore";  
      String url2 = "http://www.oschina.net/code/explore/achartengine";  
      String url3 = "http://www.oschina.net/code/explore/achartengine/client";  
           
           
      UrlQueue.addElem(url);  
      UrlQueue.addElem(url1);  
      UrlQueue.addElem(url2);  
      UrlQueue.addElem(url3);  
           
      UrlDataHanding[] url_Handings = new UrlDataHanding[10];  
           
          for(int i = 0 ; i < 10 ; i++)  
          {  
              url_Handings[i] = new UrlDataHanding();  
              new Thread(url_Handings[i]).start();  
          }  
     
  }  
}

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